Measuring and Analyzing the Impact of the Efficient Use of Public Debt Towards Public Investment in Iraq for the Period 2003-2021

Burhan Sheeaa Maire AL-Bayati, Hamdya Shaker Moslem

Despite the significant increase in the volume of public spending in the past years, it was not directed towards public investment. The pivotal structures or vital productive ...

Food Security in Iraq in Light of the Repercussions of the Russian-Ukraine War Crisis

Dr. Jaafar Baqir Al-Dujaili

06/04/2023

Any state or society must have a system of national security in all its dimensions, as it is part of the sovereignty of the state in protecting its citizens and the land and achiev...

Analysis of Charles Dickens Great Expectations, Based on Reader-Response Theory

Seba Fadhel Abas

08/04/2023

This article illustrates and explains Charles Dicken’s novel, Great Expectations, based on reader- narration, themes, techniques, figures of speech, language, and characters. The...

Sheikh Ahmed Bin Ali Al-Rifa’i (D. 578 AH / 1182 AD) and His Impact on Iraqi Society: Historical Study

Wasan Hussein Muheemed

09/04/2023

Sheikh Ahmed bin Ali Al-Rifai is considered one of the Sufi personalities who became famous in Iraq and abroad, and to him, the Al-Rifai method of Sufism is attributed. This study ...

The Effect of Default Risk on Cash Flow Profitability Indicators: Analytical Research for a Sample of Iraqi Private Banks

Hanadi Seqar Makttoof

11/04/2023

Focusing on the negative role of default risk on banks, as it is one of the most important risks facing banks, which are difficult to determine accurately, and its reflection on th...

Subject Review: The Effectiveness Of Integrating E-Learning On Learning Outcome And Student Perceptions In Tertiary Education

Zena Abdulameer Mohammad

13/04/2023

The literature shows conflicting outcomes, making it difficult to determine how e-learning affects the performance of students in higher education. The effect of e-learning was stu...

Language Anxiety Among Students of English Language Departments

Prof. Dr. Mohammed Anwar Mahmoud, Doaa Hafez Jassim

14/04/2023

The current study aimed to identify the linguistic anxiety among students of the English language departments at the University of Baghdad according to the variable (gender - and g...

Gandhi’s Compassionate Cosmopolitan Ethics and Global Poverty

Santosh Kumar

15/04/2023

In the post-Rawlsian world many liberal cosmopolitan philosopher and theorists have been trying to argue that love, emotion, sentiments and empathy are needed to ensure justice in ...

The Military Term (Soldier-Force) (Translation-Semantic Study)

Ahmed Saied Obaid

20/04/2023

In the city of Israel, in the city of Jerusalem, in the city of Israel, and in the city of Israel. Thus the two terms (soldier - soldier) that appear in the Bible, but often with d...

The Role of Political Communication in Crisis Management

Firas Kadhim Hassooni, Shubbar Hussein Jaafar Al-Naffakh

The importance of the research is the role of political communication in crisis management and how to manage it, the importance of political communication for the political system ...

The Impact of Fiscal Policy on the Gross Domestic Product as One of the Indicators of Economic Development in Iraq Between 2004-2020

Montej Abida, Rafid Hammood Salman

25/04/2023

Fiscal policy is a major part of economic policy and a tool for implementing the government's economic policy toward achieving the set goals. This is done through its main tools (p...

Measuring the Relationship Between Economic Variables and The General Budget Deficit in Iraq for the Period Between 2004-2020

Prof. Niazi Kammoun, Mugdad Arkan Jabbar

25/04/2023

At the level of the economy, there are many relationships. There is a relationship between GDP and total consumption, between the exchange rate and foreign trade, and between the e...

Problems of translating Arabic poetry into Persian Zaban (Mordi reading) Ahmad Matar's Poetry

Ghaidaa Abdul Zahrah Hadi

29/04/2023

It is no secret to everyone that translation is very important in the exchange of cultures and sciences between different nations and civilizations. Today, it has become a bridge t...

Problems and Possibilities in Tourism Development of Keoladeo National Park

Krishna Sharma, Mohd Kaish

29/04/2023

Keoladeo National Park used to be a place where people used to go for religious pilgrimages or just for fun, but now it is becoming a place where people go to earn money through to...

The Effect of Cloud Computing in Facing the Challenges of Applying IFRSs in Iraqi Private Banks

Mustafa Mohamed Helio, Prof. Dr. Bushra Najim Abdullah

04/05/2023

The research aims to explain the role of cloud computing technology in facilitating the application of international financial reporting standards in Iraqi banks, by preparing a ch...

The Role of Human Resource Quality In Achieving Competitive Advantage: Analytical Research in the General Company for Vegetable Oil Industry

Dr. Mohammed Yasin Rahim, Hussein Jawad Kazem

05/05/2023

The research aims to demonstrate the relationship between its main variables, the quality of human resources with its dimensions (quality of recruitment and appointment, quality of...

The Impact of Youtube on Iraqi EFL Learners’ Academic Achievements at Sawa Private University: A Critical Essay

Abdullah Najim Abd Al Khanaifsawy

07/05/2023

The present essay aims at investigating the effects of the educational videos on the college students’ academic achievements. The present paper came after checking the students�...

The Devil's Promise to Doctor Faustus

Afrah Sofi Abdel Hussein, Tayseer Sabbar Kadhim Al Hamad

07/05/2023

In this research (Devil promises only ink on paper ) we will discuss the promises of the devil for the human and it's actually the promises will be just ink on paper . there are at...

Chinese Rise and the Development of Conflicts with Southeast Asian Countries over the South China Sea

Muntaha Ali Hussien, Dr. Huussein Mezher Khalaf

07/05/2023

The American thinker Samuel Huntington at the time thought that the global conflict under the new international order would be an economic conflict, stressing that China would be t...

HRM Management Approaches, With a Focus on Employee Centric Approach: A Case Study In The Rafidain Bank In Iraq

Ali Adnan Hasan

08/05/2023

This research attempts to shed light on a topic that is considered one of the most important topics of HRMs management, which is the Employee centric approach by examining its phil...

Role of Electronic Marketing on Promoting High Performance Levels - An Analytical Study in Investment Bank of Iraq

Nabeel Qasim Enad, Rana Qasim Yahya

11/05/2023

The research aims to clarify the role of the concept of electronic marketing and its dimensions in achieving high performance by building a knowledge base based on previous intelle...

The Arabic language and the Impact of the Holy Qur’an on Its Prosperity and Preservation

Prof Dr Mohammed Mawlood Khalaf

11/05/2023

This research attempts to look at the emergence of the Arabic language through the stages of work until its completion in terms of its linguistic systems and structures, and then t...

Social Communication in Conceptual Works of Contemporary Ceramics

Saad Hafid Obaid

18/05/2023

Contemporary ceramic art and intellectual trends, where the ceramic form became interactive from society and mixed with the environment, and in conceptual art, the concept or meani...

Impact of Investment and Financing Policies for Working Capital on Earning and Stocks Prices: An Applied Study in Iraq Stock Exchange

Dr. Ayad Taher Mohammed

19/05/2023

The research aims to study the impact of Companies policies of financing and investment for working capital on stocks prices and earnings, for six companies are listed on the Iraq...

"Entrepreneurship Creativity in Light of the Digitization of Mental Abilities According to the Hermann Scale": An Applied Study in the Presidency of A...

Dr. Fouad Yousif Abdulrahman, Dr. Sumaya Abbas Majeed Al-Rubaye, Dr. Sahar Ahmed Kurji

19/05/2023

This study was based on the idea that the study of mental abilities and the possibility of digitizing them and determining their trends according to the Hermann scale, in which he ...

The Effectiveness of the Gibbs Model in Modifying Alternative Perceptions of Social Concepts in Educational Sociology and their Cognitive Beliefs amon...

Muwafaq Abdul Zahra Abdul Ridha

19/05/2023

The current research aims to identify the effectiveness of the (Gibbs) model in modifying alternative perceptions in teaching educational sociology on the development of social con...

Communicative Approach in the Iraqi Secondary Schools: Between Theory and Practice

Mohammed Riyath Manfi

20/05/2023

The present study is an attempt to investigate the application of Communicative Approach in Iraqi secondary schools. The new English syllabus has been established for the sake of c...

Iraqi Society (2015-2021) A Study in Political Sociology

Dr. Sundus Sarhan Ahmed

20/05/2023

Purpose of the research is to study Iraqi society (2015-2021) from the entrance of political sociology, so that the research problem is represented in the extent of the repe...

The Role of Cognitive Assimilation of Human Resources in Strategic Performance: Exploratory Research at the Higher Institute for Security and Administ...

Anmar Muhammad Farag, D Muhammad Yasin Rahim

22/05/2023

The main idea of the research is embodied in the researcher's attempt to diagnose the role played by the cognitive assimilation of human resources in enhancing strategic performanc...

Analytical Study of Time and Place in Jafar Modares Sadeghi's Novel Gavakhuni and Lotfia Al-Dulimi's Man Yareth al-Fardous

Abbas Dawi Yoosuf, Madyan Abdulazeez Rashid

22/05/2023

Novel is actually an art genre related to time-space. Talking about place inevitably evokes time. This is because these two elements complement each other. Time and place constitut...

A Critical Discourse Analysis Study of UNHCR Reports on Internally Displaced Iraqi People

Nabiha Salman Sultan

25/05/2023

Critical discourse analysis is an interdisciplinary approach to the study of discourse that views language as a form of social practice. Thus CDA is considered a theory in qualitat...

The Effect of Some Green Human Resource Management Practices in Sustainable Performance: Analytical Research in the Ministry of Environment

Walaa Tariq Jasim, D Ali Hassoun Fendi

27/05/2023

The research aims to shed light on the analysis of the relationship between green human resource practices and sustainable performance and the extent of the impact of this relation...

Self-Denial and Forceful Social Engagement in Ibsen’s Hedda Gabler and Strindberg’s Miss Julie

Zaid Tayyeh Mohammed, Ahmed Kadhim Jassim

30/05/2023

Feminism began to be visible in some writers' works in the latter half of the 20th century, despite neither being present nor being represented in the works of western academicians...

History of Greek Architecture: (Influence and Influence)

Dr.Ruwaida Fasail Mosa

30/05/2023

The Greek civilization is considered one of the most important and oldest civilizations of the ancient world because of the human, intellectual and cultural data it provided that c...

Re-engineering of Administrative Operations in Improving Total Quality Management - A Case Study of the General Company for Electrical and Electronic ...

Asma Tawfeeq Ahmed, Dr. Jad Jihad Bahmad

31/05/2023

One of the most important problems that the government public services sector suffers from is weak procedures and outdated administrative processes, as well as bureaucracy that may...

Monetary Inflation In Iraq

Dr. Jaffer B. AL-dujaili

01/06/2023

It is commonly known that the monetary inflation problem or phenomenon represents a serious economic illness which has been affecting most economies of the countries around the wor...

Strategic Coherence and its Impact on the Excellence of Employees: An Exploratory Study of the Opinions of a Sample of Employees of the Ministry of Pl...

Thuraya Hussein Jassem, Dr. Adel Abdel-Wadoud Taher

02/06/2023

The purpose of the research: presenting an analytical study to find out and test the influence relationship between strategic cohesion and the excellence of the workers in the org...

Ben Jonson, Literary Style, and Presents Most Famous Plays

Ali Abdul Mohsin Hadi Al-Hajmee

02/06/2023

Drama has always fascinated audiences. Audiences have been captivated by dramatic presentations of the plights of others since antiquity, which not only satisfies their natural cu...

The Effect of Linguistic Intelligence-Based Activities on Iraqi EFL Learners' Speaking and Reading Abilities: A Case Study of Diwanniaya

Hayder Hakim Abd Al-Khadhim, Furat Najah Abd Al-Hamza

03/06/2023

According to Khaydarova Nigina & Ganiyevna Muhammed Muhsin (2019), “The English language has become an international language. Among nations, it serves as a lingua franca. It is ...

The Scientific Life of Shurish City Through the Book of Al-Thail and Al-Takmula based on the Two Books of Al-Mausul and Al-Wasela by Abdulmalek Marra...

Dr. Sulaf Faidhalla Hassan

06/06/2023

The book of Al-Thail and Al-Takmula based on the two books of Al-Mausul and Al-Wasela by Abdulmalek Marrakchi (t 703 H/1303 AD) is one of the most important translation books in Is...

Corporate Governance: Article Review

Shahbaa Hazim Hamed, Dr. Muthana Zahim Fisal

07/06/2023

The purpose of this article is to provide a comprehensive definition of corporate governance and to review the existing literature on the subject. The researchers examine various c...

The Role of Labor Relations in Reducing the Cases of Job Withdrawal

Yasser Yarub Abdul-Jabbar, Prof. Dr. Ghani Dahham Tanay Al-Zubaidi

08/06/2023

The current research aims to analyze the relationship and the level of influence of labor relations in reducing the cases of job withdrawal in private colleges in Baghdad. (265) i...

Explanation of Al-Adab Al-'Udhdiyyah by Ibrahim Bin Muhammad Bin 'Arab Shah Al-Asfara'ini, The Deceased (945 Ah): Study and Verification

Dr. Mayada Fathil Ahmed

08/06/2023

Upon the completion of this study and the achievement of its first section, it became evident that the science of research and debate originated during the time of Prophet Muhammad...

English Language Learning Demotivating Factors for Iraqi Open Educational College EFL Students

Rafal Lateef Jasim

09/06/2023

One of the things that might lower students' desire for learning a language is demotivating situations. This study looked into what discourages open educational college EFL student...

A Pragmatic Analysis of Woman's Images in Selected English and Arabic Proverbs

Azhar Hanoon Muslat

09/06/2023

This study is within the framework of linguistics that tries to analyze written and spoken discourse and study its features through pragmatic tools to understand the process of com...

Hyperrealism of Advanced Technology and its Influences on Human Identity in Jennifer Egan's The Candy House

Najlaa Hayyawi Abbar

10/06/2023

Hyperreality as a significant concept of Jean Baudrillard signifies a situation when what is real and what is imaginary are merged together and thus, there is no clear difference a...

Measuring the Relationship Between Public Debt Refinancing Mechanisms and Directing the Public Budget in Iraq

Dr. Azhar Hasan Ali, Noor Abdul Razaq Abdul Wahaab

[This paper was withdrawn due to certain technical errors]

Public debt is an important financial tool used by the state to direct economic activity and to ensure its stability and increase its growth rates, but the increase in the volume o...

The Role of Proactive Behavior in Achieving Strategic Decision Quality

Muthanna Zahem Faisal, Maryam Fakhruddin Mahmoud

12/06/2023

The aim of this research is to explore the role of proactive behavior and its dimensions, including taking responsibility, proactive personality, broadening the role, and self-effi...

The Recipes of Existence

Dr. Hanan Ali Awada

13/06/2023

Jasper's philosophy, affirmation of ''freedom'' synonym of human existence . However a recipe of failure are the result which inevitable accessible in life. The fate is the death. ...

La literatura es una herramienta de la documentación de la historia: La novela “el último judío” como muestra

Dr. Shatha Kareem Atta ALSHAMARY

13/06/2023

Literature is a means of documenting historical events. Since literature reflects the environment in which the writer lives, all the actions that turn around him, whether political...

The Grammatical Diacritical Mark and its Semantic Values in The Subject and The Predicate

Wissam Theyab Abid

14/06/2023

The research aims to reveal the connotations of the dumma when it is mentioned in the initial structure of the news according to the context in which it is mentioned, so the resear...

A Literary Manipulation of Dicken’s “Fantasy” in The Christmas Carol, The Chimes, and the Cricket on the Hearth

Murtadha Adel Bader

14/06/2023

The purpose of this study is to investigate selected fantasy short stories by Charles Dickens. The study focuses on "impulse for fantasy," which leads Dicken’s readers to a capti...

Repetition as a Stylistic Feature in Mansour Al-Helou's Poetry: A Literary Aesthetic Perspective

Dr. Hassan Qanood Jabir

14/06/2023

At the outset, we must point out that we have the lead and leadership in writing about a poet that the scientific community did not write about, and here we are, God willing, writi...

Utilization of Modern Methods of Teaching Geography Curriculum in Iraq

Jinan Shihab Hamid

14/06/2023

Geography teaching is fulfilled within the frame of a specific curriculum and in order to achieve some acquirements in Iraq. Though there are course books prepared in accordance wi...

A Pragmatic Study of Telephone Opening Conducts Among Iraqis

Abeer Ali Dinar

14/05/2023

The organization of telephone conversation received much scholarly attention since Schegloff’s pioneering work in the 1960s and 1970s. The current study aims to: First, Id...

Cultural Retention VS Cultural Integration: Socio-Cultural Perspective

Abdullah Najim Abd Al Khanaifsawy

16/06/2023

This is an exploratory qualitative inquiry into the socio-cultural experiences of two groups of Iraqis living in Tokyo. Data was gathered through in-depth interviews with 25 famili...

A Stylistic Study of Time and Tense in English and Arabic Short Stories: Contrastive Study

Abdullah Najim Abd Aliwie

16/06/2023

The present paper is a stylistic attempt to shed the lights on the differences between ‘Time’ and ‘Tense’ in English and Arabic after analyzing some selected English and Ar...

The Impact of Teaching Methodology on Quality Learning

Hayder Hakim Abd Al Khadhim

16/06/2023

Teaching method is the mechanism that is used by the teacher to organize and implement a number of educational means and activities to achieve certain goals. Teaching techniques ar...

A Pragmatic Study of Proverbs: Sociocultural Perspective

Abdullah Najim Abd Al Khanaifsawy

16/06/2023

Proverbs are interesting pieces of popular wisdom and tradition belonging to any culture, which help us to foreground the values and shared beliefs held by a speech community. Howe...

Truth in Samuel Becket’s “Waiting for Godot”

Dr. Murthadha Adel Bader

16/06/2023

Waiting for Godot is a play by Samuel Beckett in which two characters, Vladimir (Didi) and Estragon (Gogo), engage in a variety of discussions and encounters while awaiting the tit...

A Study on Iraqi Teachers’ Roles and Willingness to Accept Educational Technology

Abdullah Najim Abd Al Khanaifsawy

16/06/2023

It is a truth universally acknowledged that Educational Technology empowers teachers and learners to face and promote the change that world education is facing since the beginning ...

Attitudes, Beliefs and Knowledge of Iraqi EFL Teachers Regarding Peer Tutoring

Dr. Ali Abdul Mohsin Al-Hajmee

17/06/2023

To better promote the various elements of learning, the language education industry has made a considerable shift to a more learner-centered approach. While peer tutoring in the cl...

The Use of Blended Learning in Sawa Private University and Its Effect on English Department Students' Language Achievements

Dr. Ali Abdul Mohsin Al-Hajmee

17/06/2023

Including technology in a classroom is no longer a benefit. It turns out to be a crucial component of successful education. Let us rewind a few decades to a time when educators had...

A Descriptive Study in the Book “Al-Nusra Coalition in the Difference of Kufa and Basra Grammarians”

Dr Nada Sami Nassir, Dr. Hanan Hussein Hasan

17/06/2023

Our research is a descriptive study on the book “Al-Nusra Coalition in the Difference of the Grammarians of Kufa and Basra”. The title was characterized by high musicality and ...

Green Human Resources Management and its Relationship to Green Marketing Among the Employees of the University of Baghdad: Field Research at the Unive...

Areej Faeq Abdel, Al-Zahraa Sabah Alchalabi

17/06/2023

This study aimed to demonstrate the impact of green human resources management on green marketing through a prospective study of the College of Administration and Economics / Unive...

The Impact of Symbolism in Ernest Hemingway’s Novel the Old Man and the Sea

Fahmi Salim Hameed

21/06/2023

This research study and examine the masterful writer. The author exhibits their expertise of writing in a distinctive way by utilizing literary devices and approaches. We h...

The Contribution (Place) of Evening Schools to the Educational Landscape of Cameroon: Curriculum Design and Performance Issues

Sussana Fomundam Epse Tenjoh Okwen

21/06/2023

This paper seeks to examine the place and contribution of evening schools in the Cameroonian educational landscape which has been often neglected or given less attention despite th...

The Aesthetics of Employing Conglomerates (Pebbles) in the Plastic Achievements of the Artist Hajar Al-Tayyar

Mahmmoud Hussein Abdul Rahman

21/06/2023

This research is concerned with the study of (the aesthetic use of rocks (pebbles) in the plastic achievements by the artist Hajar Altayyar) and falls into two axes: the first t...

The Impact of Bank Loans on the Real Estate Sector in Iraq

Husam Ali Kadhem

22/06/2023

The real estate prices in the Iraqi market have witnessed a significant increase in the prices of residential units, including land plots and residential buildings, especially afte...

Investigating the Difficulties Faced by Iraqi Pharmacists in Interpreting Medical Prescriptions : Interpretation Perspective

Nazik Aziz Darweesh

23/06/2023

The profession of medicine is one of the best and noblest professions in society, and it is the profession of merciful hearts that works in the service of humanity to relieve peopl...

The Role of Cyber Security in the Global Century in the Twenty-First Century

Sura Mwafak Maqsoud

26/06/2023

This study focuses on the concept of cybersecurity and its role in global security and the extent of changes that occurred in the concept of global security, especially in t...

International Auditing Standard (700) and its Role in Improving the Auditor's Report

Hadeel Jabbar Ali

27/06/2023

To ensure that the auditor's report achieves its main objective, careful attention must be given to its content and language. The report should be easily understandable to users of...

Investigating the Perspectives of Translation Experts on Defining the Criteria of Translation Assessment

Wehaj.M. Ismael

28/06/2023

This paper addresses a highly important topic since it examines translation quality from the perspective of translation professionals. This essay's major goals are to establish tra...