Abstract

Evolution of English Language Teaching in the Digital Age

Dr. Raju Mushika, Dr. Ashok Kumar Vemula

Volume: 16 Issue: 3 2026

Abstract:

This chapter presents an overview of diachronic development of English Language Teaching (ELT) and probes critically into the evolutionary role of technology in reframing language teaching methodologies, approaches and diverse learning settings. The chapter gives particular attention to the contexts where English is used as a second language, emphasizing how globalization and rapid technological advancements have considerably determined the methods and practices of language teaching. Using a qualitative approach and reviewing literature, the chapter offers a succinct historical outline of established approaches to ELT, tracing the evolution from teacher-centered methodologies to interactive learner-centered communicative pedagogical practices. Subsequently, the chapter explores the integration of technology in ELT, mainly through Computer-Assisted Language Learning (CALL), the method marked a significant evolution in the trajectory of learner-centered classrooms. Moreover, the discussion accentuates the impact of internet as a multifunctional resource for language teaching and learning, reinforcing the contribution of internet to online learning, distances education, and blended learning milieus. Further, the chapter illustrates the importance of Mobile-Assisted Language Learning (MALL) in enabling differentiated and individualized learning experiences. It also elucidates the driving force of advanced technologies like Artificial Intelligence (AI) and other digital innovations in enriching language acquisition. Prioritizing the participatory and experiential technologies, Virtual Reality (VR), Augmented Reality (AR), and the Metaverse, represent the up-and-coming frontier of fully interactive and engaging language learning. It also critically addresses the challenges and limitations associated with the integration of digital technologies, including issues of accessibility, digital literacy, and infrastructure. The readers able to understand the pedagogical evolution in ELT, assess digital tools in facilitating language learning experiences, analyze AI in contextualized pedagogy, evaluate opportunity and challenges associated with the use of digital tools in English language education. It also helps the reader to realize the shift towards learner autonomy, collaboration, experiential, inclusive, flexible, technology-driven learning ecosystems.

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